{"id":973,"date":"2025-10-06T16:05:45","date_gmt":"2025-10-06T10:05:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/legalaidbd.com\/?p=973"},"modified":"2025-10-06T16:06:25","modified_gmt":"2025-10-06T10:06:25","slug":"%e0%a6%95%e0%a6%be%e0%a6%89%e0%a6%95%e0%a7%87-%e0%a6%9f%e0%a7%8d%e0%a6%af%e0%a6%be%e0%a6%95%e0%a7%8d%e0%a6%b8-%e0%a6%9b%e0%a6%be%e0%a6%a1%e0%a6%bc-%e0%a6%ac%e0%a6%be-%e0%a6%85%e0%a6%a8%e0%a7%8d","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/legalaidbd.com\/?p=973","title":{"rendered":"\u0995\u09be\u0989\u0995\u09c7 \u099f\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u0995\u09cd\u09b8 \u099b\u09be\u09a1\u09bc \u09ac\u09be \u0985\u09a8\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 \u099f\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u0995\u09cd\u09b8 \u099a\u09be\u09aa\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09a6\u09c7\u09af\u09bc\u09be \u09af\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 \u09a8\u09be: \u098f\u09a8\u09ac\u09bf\u0986\u09b0"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>\u0995\u09be\u0989\u0995\u09c7 \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u099a\u09bf\u09a4\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 \u099f\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u0995\u09cd\u09b8 \u099b\u09be\u09a1\u09bc \u09a6\u09c7\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be \u09ac\u09be \u0985\u09a8\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 \u099f\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u0995\u09cd\u09b8 \u099a\u09be\u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09cb \u09af\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 \u09a8\u09be \u098f \u09ac\u09bf\u09b7\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09ac\u09bf\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09be\u09b0\u09bf\u09a4 \u0986\u09b2\u09cb\u099a\u09a8\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u09b9\u09b2<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>\u0995\u09c7\u09a8<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u099f\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u0995\u09cd\u09b8<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u09a8\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09af\u09cd\u09af<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u09b9\u09a4\u09c7<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u09b9\u09ac\u09c7:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0986\u0987\u09a8\u0997\u09a4 \u09b8\u09ae\u09a4\u09be (Equality before law): \u09b8\u0995\u09b2\u09c7\u09b0 \u0989\u09aa\u09b0 \u098f\u0995\u0987 \u09a7\u09b0\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u0986\u0987\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09af\u09cb\u099c\u09cd\u09af\u09a4\u09be \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09be \u0989\u099a\u09bf\u09a4\u0964 \u0995\u09b0\u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be \u09af\u09a6\u09bf \u0989\u09a8\u09cd\u09ae\u09c1\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u0985\u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09a3 \u09ad\u09c7\u09a6\u09be\u09ad\u09c7\u09a6 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u09a4\u09be\u09b9\u09b2\u09c7 \u098f\u099f\u09bf \u09b8\u09ae\u09a4\u09be\u09b0 \u09a8\u09c0\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0 \u09ac\u09bf\u09b0\u09c1\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7\u09c7 \u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u09a8\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09af\u09cd\u09af\u09a4\u09be \u0993 \u09b8\u09ae\u09ac\u09a3\u09cd\u099f\u09a8 (Horizontal &amp; Vertical equity): \u098f\u0995\u0987 \u0985\u09ac\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be \u09ac\u09be \u0986\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b2\u09cb\u0995\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u098f\u0995\u0987\u09b0\u0995\u09ae \u0995\u09b0 \u09a6\u09bf\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b9\u09ac\u09c7 (horizontal equity), \u0986\u09b0 \u09ac\u09bf\u09ad\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a8 \u0986\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u0993\u09aa\u09b0 \u0989\u09aa\u09af\u09c1\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 \u09ac\u09cb\u099d\u09be \u09b0\u09be\u0996\u09be \u0989\u099a\u09bf\u09a4 (vertical equity)\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u09b8\u09cd\u09ac\u099a\u09cd\u099b\u09a4\u09be \u0993 \u09aa\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09a8\u09c1\u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u09af\u09cb\u0997\u09cd\u09af\u09a4\u09be (Transparency &amp; Predictability): \u0995\u09b0\u09a6\u09be\u09a4\u09be\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u099c\u09be\u09a8\u09be \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09be \u09a6\u09b0\u0995\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09cb\u09a8\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09cb \u0995\u09b0\u09af\u09cb\u0997\u09cd\u09af, \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b9\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09c0 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u099b\u09be\u09a1\u09bc\/\u099b\u09be\u09a1\u09bc\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u09a6\u09a3\u09cd\u09a1 \u0995\u09c0 \u00a0\u09af\u09be\u09a4\u09c7 \u09a4\u09be\u09b0\u09be \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u0995\u09b2\u09cd\u09aa\u09a8\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u09b6\u09be\u09b8\u09a8\u09ac\u09bf\u09a7\u09bf \u0993 \u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09ae\u09be\u09a8 (Rule of law &amp; due process): \u0995\u09b0 \u0986\u09b0\u09cb\u09aa \u09ac\u09be \u099b\u09be\u09a1\u09bc \u09a6\u09c1\u099f\u09cb\u0987 \u09b8\u09b0\u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09ae; \u098f\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09cb\u0995\u09c7 \u0986\u0987\u09a8\u09bf \u09ac\u09bf\u09a7\u09bf \u0993 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b0 \u09ae\u09be\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09ae\u09c7 \u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09aa\u09a8\u09cd\u09a8 \u0995\u09b0\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b9\u09ac\u09c7, \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf\u0997\u09a4 \u0987\u099a\u09cd\u099b\u09c7 \u09a8\u09af\u09bc\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>\u0985\u09ac\u09c8\u09a7<\/strong><strong>\/<\/strong><strong>\u0985\u09a8\u09bf\u099a\u09cd\u099b\u09be\u0995\u09c3\u09a4<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u0995\u09b0<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u099b\u09be\u09a1\u09bc<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u09ac\u09be<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u0986\u09b0\u09cb\u09aa<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u0995\u09bf\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c7<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u0998\u099f\u09c7<\/strong><strong>):<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u09b0\u09be\u099c\u09a8\u09c8\u09a4\u09bf\u0995\/\u0986\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5\u09bf\u0995 \u09b2\u09c7\u09a8\u09a6\u09c7\u09a8: \u09ac\u09bf\u09b6\u09c7\u09b7 \u0995\u09c7\u0989 \u09b8\u09c1\u09ac\u09bf\u09a7\u09be \u09aa\u09c7\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b8\u09b0\u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09c0\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 \u099b\u09be\u09a1\u09bc \u09a6\u09c7\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09b6\u09be\u09b8\u09a8\u09bf\u0995 \u09ad\u09c1\u09b2 \u09ac\u09be \u0985\u09aa\u099a\u09af\u09bc: \u09ad\u09c1\u09b2 \u09ae\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u099f\u09be\u09b0, \u09ad\u09c1\u09b2 \u09b6\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7\u09a3\u09c0\u0995\u09b0\u09a3, \u09ac\u09be \u09a6\u09c1\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09b2 \u09a8\u09c0\u09a4\u09bf \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09af\u09bc\u09cb\u0997\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0995\u09a0\u09cb\u09b0 \u09b0\u09c1\u09b2 \u09a8\u09c7\u0987\/\u09a8\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09ae\u09ad\u0999\u09cd\u0997: \u0986\u0987\u09a8 \u09b8\u09cd\u09aa\u09b7\u09cd\u099f \u09a8\u09be \u09b9\u09b2\u09c7 \u0985\u09ab\u09bf\u09b8\u09be\u09b0\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09cd\u09ac\u099a\u09cd\u099b\u09a8\u09cd\u09a6 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b9\u09be\u09b0\u09c7 \u09ac\u09bf\u09b0\u09c2\u09aa \u09b8\u09bf\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u09a6\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09be\u09ac\u09c7\u099c \u099c\u09be\u09b2\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09a4\u09bf \u09ac\u09be \u0997\u09cb\u09aa\u09a8 \u09b8\u09c1\u09ac\u09bf\u09a7\u09be: \u0995\u09b0\u09a6\u09be\u09a4\u09be\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u0995\u09cd\u09b7 \u09a5\u09c7\u0995\u09c7 \u0985\u09b8\u09a4\u09cd\u09af \u09a4\u09a5\u09cd\u09af \u09ac\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09cd\u09ae\u0995\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09be\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a6\u09c1\u09b0\u09cd\u09a8\u09c0\u09a4\u09bf\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0986\u0987\u09a8\u09bf<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u0993<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09b6\u09be\u09b8\u09a8\u09bf\u0995<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u09b0\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09be:<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0986\u0987\u09a8\u09c0 \u09ad\u09bf\u09a4\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf: \u0995\u09b0\u09ae\u09c1\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf \u09ac\u09be \u099b\u09be\u09a1\u09bc \u0995\u09c7\u09ac\u09b2\u09ae\u09be\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0 \u09b8\u0982\u09b8\u09a6\/\u0986\u0987\u09a8 \u09a6\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09b0\u09be \u09ac\u09be \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09a6\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u099f \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09b6\u09be\u09b8\u09a8\u09bf\u0995 \u09ac\u09bf\u09a7\u09bf\u09ac\u09b2\u09c7 \u09b9\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7 \u00a0\u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a1\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09a1 \u09b8\u09c7\u099f \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09be \u0989\u099a\u09bf\u09a4\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u09b8\u09cd\u09ac\u099a\u09cd\u099b \u09a8\u09c0\u09a4\u09bf\u09ae\u09be\u09b2\u09be \u0993 \u09ae\u09be\u09aa\u0995\u09be\u09a0\u09bf: \u0995\u09b0\u099b\u09be\u09a1\u09bc \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a6\u09be\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09cd\u09aa\u09b7\u09cd\u099f \u09b6\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4, \u09b8\u09ae\u09af\u09bc\u09b8\u09c0\u09ae\u09be (sunset clause), \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09ad\u09be\u09ac \u09ac\u09bf\u09b6\u09cd\u09b2\u09c7\u09b7\u09a3 (fiscal impact) \u0995\u09b0\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b9\u09ac\u09c7\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0985\u09a1\u09bf\u099f \u0993 \u09b9\u09bf\u09b8\u09be\u09ac-\u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09c0\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09be: \u09b8\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09a7\u09c0\u09a8 \u0985\u09a1\u09bf\u099f, \u099c\u09be\u09a4\u09c0\u09af\u09bc \u09b9\u09bf\u09b8\u09be\u09ac\u09aa\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0 \u09ac\u09be \u0985\u09a1\u09bf\u099f \u0985\u09ab\u09bf\u09b8 (\u09af\u09c7\u09ae\u09a8 \u099c\u09be\u09a4\u09c0\u09af\u09bc \u0985\u09a1\u09bf\u099f \u0985\u09ab\u09bf\u09b8) \u098f\u09b0 \u09ae\u09be\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09ae\u09c7 \u09af\u09be\u099a\u09be\u0987\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u09a4\u09a6\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09c0 \u09b8\u0982\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\/\u0985\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u099f\u09bf-\u0995\u09b0\u09be\u09aa\u09b6\u09a8 \u09ac\u09a1\u09bf: \u09a6\u09c1\u09b0\u09cd\u09a8\u09c0\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0 \u0985\u09ad\u09bf\u09af\u09cb\u0997 \u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4 \u09a4\u09a6\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4 \u0995\u09b0\u09be\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u099c\u09a8\u09b8\u09be\u09a7\u09be\u09b0\u09a3\u09c7 \u0998\u09cb\u09b7\u09a3\u09be\u09aa\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0: \u09af\u09c7 \u09b8\u0995\u09b2 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf\/\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u09a0\u09be\u09a8 \u0995\u09c7 \u0995\u09b0\u099b\u09be\u09a1\u09bc \u09aa\u09c7\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u099b\u09c7 \u09a4\u09be \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u0995\u09be\u09b6 \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u09b8\u09cd\u09ac\u099a\u09cd\u099b\u09a4\u09be\u09b0 \u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09af\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0986\u09aa\u09c0\u09b2 \u0993 \u09ac\u09bf\u099a\u09be\u09b0\u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be: \u0995\u09b0 \u0986\u09b0\u09cb\u09aa \u09ac\u09be \u099b\u09be\u09a1\u09bc \u09b8\u0982\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4 \u09b8\u09bf\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ac\u09bf\u09b0\u09c1\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7\u09c7 \u0986\u09ac\u09c7\u09a6\u09a8\/\u0995\u09cb\u09b0\u09cd\u099f\u09c7 \u09ae\u09be\u09ae\u09b2\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09be\u09b0 \u09b8\u09c1\u09ac\u09bf\u09a7\u09be\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>\u0986\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09b0\u09cd\u099c\u09be\u09a4\u09bf\u0995<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u09a6\u09a3\u09cd\u09a1<\/strong><strong>:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>OECD\/IMF \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09b8\u09bf\u09aa\u09b2\u09b8: \u0995\u09b0\u09a8\u09c0\u09a4\u09bf\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b8\u09ae\u09a4\u09be, \u09a6\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09a4\u09be, \u09b8\u09cd\u09ac\u099a\u09cd\u099b\u09a4\u09be, \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09b6\u09be\u09b8\u09a8\u09bf\u0995 \u09b8\u09b9\u099c\u09b2\u09ad\u09cd\u09af\u09a4\u09be \u098f\u0987 \u09b8\u09ac\u0987 \u09ae\u09c2\u09b2\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09aa\u0995 \u09a6\u09c3\u09b7\u09cd\u099f\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4: \u0989\u09a8\u09cd\u09a8\u09a4 \u0985\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5\u09a8\u09c0\u09a4\u09bf\u09a4\u09c7 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